What is the purpose and difference between collecting signal waveform and collecting peak value?

The acquisition of signal waveforms is AD conversion, which needs to comply with the Nyquist sampling law to ensure that the analog signal data is not lost. For this purpose, the peak acquisition is generally a post-processing process after AD sampling, and is generally used for AGC control. . .

Generally, the amplitude of the signal can be calculated by collecting the peak, and the waveform of the collected signal can be filtered.

This question is too broad. In fact, the peak value can be collected by collecting the signal waveform. This depends on your collection equipment. The main purpose of collecting the peak value is to see the maximum value of the transient, and collecting the waveform is basically to observe the signal integrity in the time domain.